Which benefit does microbial biotechnology provide to agriculture?

Microbial biotechnology plays a pivotal role in enhancing soil health and nutrient availability, which is a significant benefit to agriculture. This is achieved through the use of beneficial microorganisms that can decompose organic matter, fix atmospheric nitrogen, and enhance the solubility of essential nutrients in the soil. By improving these aspects of soil health, microbial biotechnology helps increase crop yields and reduces the need for synthetic fertilizers, leading to more sustainable farming practices.

For instance, certain bacteria and fungi are employed as biofertilizers, which not only supply nutrients to plants through biological processes but also improve the overall soil structure. This healthier soil can retain moisture better and support a diverse ecosystem that contributes to agricultural productivity. This approach reflects a shift towards more environmentally friendly and less chemically dependent farming methods, making it a crucial component of modern agricultural practices.

The other choices present misunderstandings of the benefits of microbial biotechnology in agriculture. For example, increasing the cost of fertilizers contradicts the goal of making agriculture more sustainable and economical. Reducing the number of crops grown does not directly associate with microbial biotechnology's focus on increasing the productivity and resilience of existing crops. Lastly, while improved soil health can lead to better water retention, it does not eliminate the need for irrigation entirely, especially in ar