Which of the following best describes corporate control over seeds in agricultural biotechnology?

Corporate control over seeds in agricultural biotechnology is characterized by a concentration of ownership and patents on seed varieties, which can significantly limit access for smallholder farmers. This is primarily due to high costs associated with patented seeds, restrictive licensing agreements, and the requirement for farmers to purchase new seeds each season rather than saving and reusing seeds from previous crops. Such practices can lead to a situation where smallholder farmers, who often rely on traditional seed-saving practices and have limited financial resources, are unable to access essential seed varieties, ultimately affecting their livelihoods and agricultural sustainability.

In contrast, varietal diversity, innovation in crop development, and simplification of the breeding process may be byproducts of certain corporate practices, but they do not adequately encapsulate the broader implications of corporate control in terms of access and equity for all farmers. Therefore, the focus on access for smallholder farmers sheds light on the critical social and economic dynamics at play in the current agricultural biotech landscape.