Which technology allows identification of genes related to specific traits in crops?

The identification of genes related to specific traits in crops is accomplished effectively through DNA sequencing. This technology enables researchers to read the exact sequence of nucleotides—the building blocks of DNA—within a gene. By analyzing these sequences, scientists can identify specific genes that are associated with desired traits, such as disease resistance, drought tolerance, or improved nutritional content.

DNA sequencing provides detailed insights into the genetic makeup of organisms and allows researchers to compare sequences across different varieties, leading to the identification of genes that contribute to specific characteristics. Understanding these sequences is crucial for advancing crop breeding and development, as it lays the groundwork for utilizing genetic information to enhance traits through various biotechnological methods.

In contrast, gene editing is more about modifying or altering the existing traits within an organism rather than solely identifying traits. Polyploidy involves the doubling or increasing of the number of chromosome sets, which can lead to genetic variation but does not directly facilitate gene identification. Marker-assisted selection utilizes existing genetic markers linked to traits to expedite traditional breeding processes but depends on prior knowledge of those markers gained often through techniques such as DNA sequencing.